Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality.The combination of the third generation of chemotherapy drugs (vinorelbine, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, docetaxel) withplatinum-based drugs so far has been the common practice of NSCLC first-line treatment. New target genes related tochemotherapeutic effect (ERCC-1 and platinum-based resistance, RRM-1 and gemcitabine resistance, β-tubulin and paclitaxel resistance) are of the potential to be the biomarker of predicting chemotherapy reaction. This review describes integration of molecular pathological types and individualized chemotherapy.