Salvianolate is effective water-soluble component extracted from Danshen root, which has a good curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Its efficacy has been gradually extended to protective effects on liver, kidney, lung and gallbladder. This review summarizes the research progress on action mechanism of salvianolate in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and other diseases.

Abstract: Objective To observe the analgesic efficacy and safety on the different doses of sufentanil combined with propofol in patients undergoing artificial abortion. Methods One hundred patients scheduled for elective abortion under total intravenous anesthesia were randomly assigned into four groups (n=25), namely group A (sufentanil 0.1μg/kg+propofol 2 mg/kg), group B(sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg+propofol 2 mg/kg), group C (sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg+propofol 2 mg/kg)
and group D(propofol 2 mg/kg). Bolus propofol 0.5 mg/kg was added if necessary. The MAP, SpO2, HR and RR were recorded before injection of drug (T0), loss of the eyelash reflex (T1), at the beginning of the operation (T2), 3 mins after the operation (T3), at the end of the operation (T4) and awakening (T5). The additional dose of propofol, onset time, time duration of surgery, recovery time, recovery of orientation, hospital stay time, body reaction and visual analogue
scale(VAS) at 20 mins were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in the onset time, time duration of surgery, recovery time, recovery of orientation, hospital stay time in four groups. The MAP, HR and RR at T1 and T2 in four groups were lower than those at T0 (P＜0.05). The MAP at T3 in group D was lower than that in group A, B or C (P＜0.01). The dosage of propofol in group D was the largest (P＜0.01). The body reaction and VAS in group B and C were lower than those in group D (P＜0.01). The VAS in group B or C was lower than that in group D. Conclusion Sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg combined with propofol 2 mg/kg is an effective and safe anesthesia in patients undergoing artificial abortion.

Tetrandrine has effects of anti-inflammation, analgesia, decompression, anti-silicosis, hypoglycemic activity and counteracting free radical damage. It preserves a potential treatment for cardiovascular disease, cancer therapy and resisting hepatic fibrosis. This review summarizes the clinical application of tetrandrine for diseases of immune system, cardiovaschlar system and digestive system.

With the dramatically expanding of biological data, insights into human health and disease from these data
have not kept pace. The concept of precision medicine as a new disease management model now is emerging. It is about the
customization of healthcare, with decisions and practices being tailored to the individual patient based on intrinsic biology
in addition to traditional physical “signs and symptoms.” Building a standardized model for the integration of omics data
from various platforms is the central mission which is helpful for the development of new taxonomy of diseases to identify
diseases subtypes and personalized therapy based on patients' genetic profiles. Furthermore, the development of targeted
therapeutic agents have made great progress and evidenced by the improvement of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials.
Next-generation drugs would be designed for diseases subtypes with more specificity and less toxicity.

Objective Through literature data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trimetazidine in the treatment of coronary heart disease with heart failure. Methods Literatures were retrieved from Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CBM, VIP, CNKI databases by computer and from relevant Chinese medical journals by hand. Trial selection, quality evaluation and information extraction were performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Metaanalysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.0 software. Results Twenty five reports were identified, including 2 318 patients, in which 1 178 cases were treatment group and 1 140 cases were control group. The analysis results showed that trimetazidine improved the total clinical efficacy[94.2% vs 72.2%, OR=6.42, 95%CI(4.28, 9.64), Z=8.96, P＜0.01]and 6 min walking distance [SMD=4.56, 95%CI(33.51, 84.13), Z=4.56, P＜0.01]; cardiac index were also improved, such as LVEF[SMD=7.14, 95%CI(6.28, 8.00), Z=16.25, P＜0.01], LVEDD[SMD=-3.83, 95%CI(-5.09, -2.57), Z=5.95, P＜0.01], LVESD[SMD=-4.51, 95%CI(-6.24, -2.78), Z=5.10, P＜0.01] and LVEDV[SMD=-23.56, 95%CI(-34.98, -12.14), Z=4.04, P＜0.01]; trimetazidine reduced type B brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)[SMD=-161.86, 95%CI(-268.0, 55.72), Z=2.99, P=0.003]. The main adverse reaction(0.85%) of trimetazidine is nausea, vomiting. Conclusion Trimetazidine can improve the total clinical efficacy and cardiac function. The long-term treatment is safe.

With the increasing of social ageing, the hypertension in elderly has become an important issue in public health. The hypertension is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which is harmful to elderly health. However, the clinical manifestation of the hypertension in elderly, and its diagnosis and treatment are special challenge to clinicians. At present, the control rate and compliance rate of hypertension in elderly patients are relatively low. How to manage the elderly patients with hypertension and find the optimal strategy are important issues. So the clinicians and patients must pay attention to elderly hypertension to control blood pressure effectively, to achieve the goal of blood pressure and control blood pressure effectively in order to maximize the benefits of elderly hypertensive patients. This article reviews the diagnostic standard of elderly hypertension, its clinical feature, blood pressure control target and treatment based on the guidelines of hypertension in elderly patients and the expert consensus and the recommendations published in recent years.

Abstract: Renal hypertension is a high blood pressure caused by renal vascular or renal parenchymal disease. The ational selection of antihypertensive drugs and effective blood pressure control can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular nd cerebrovascular diseases and slow nephropathy process. For guiding blood pressure control in patients with renal ypertension, this review describes the antihypertensive drugs used in clinic and the rational selection of drug combination.

Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are the major treatment for epilepsy, but there are still many problems in the course of therapy. This article reviews the progress of genetic pharmacology, therapeutic drug monitoring, traditional Chinese medicine in epilepsy treatment and new antiepileptic drugs development.

Objective To investigate the effects of different iv dose dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics in elderly patients. Methods Eighty elderly patients (65～84 years old) scheduled for surgery were randomly divided into 4 groups. Dexmedetomidine 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 μg/kg were intravenously infused in 10 minutes as group A, B and C. Group D was intravenously infused saline as control group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), stroke volume(SV), cardiac output(CO) and systemic vascular resistanc(SVR) were monitored by noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and bispectral index(BIS) was recorded before infusion(T0) and at 5(T1), 10(T2), 20(T3), 40(T4) min after dexmedetomidine administration. Results Compared with T0, the MAP, HR, SV, CO and BIS in group A, B and C were decreased(P＜0.05). Compared with group D, the MAP, HR, SV, CO and BIS in group A, B and C were decreased, their difference in some time points were significant (P＜0.05). Compared with group A, the MAP, HR, SV,CO and BIS in group B, C were higher, their difference in some time points were significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion For elderly patients, continuously intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.4～0.6 μg/kg may induce light hemodynamics changes.

Objective To investigate the differences of efficacy and safety between amisulpride and risperidone in
schizophrenic patients. Methods Totally 60 patients from Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were divided into amisulpride
group (32 cases) and risperidone group (28 cases). Efficacy and safety were observed before and after treatment.
Results ①Compared with baseline, the total score of PANSS had significant difference in both groups(P＜0.05) after
the treatment. Compared with risperidone, the negative symptoms, cognitive function and depressive symptoms were
improved significantly in amisulpride group(P＜0.05). ②There were no significant differences on the incidence of adverse
reactions and interval of ECG at end point. Conclusion Amisulpride and risperidone are effective and safe in the treatment
of schizophrenia．Compared with risperidone, amisulpride is relatively better on improving negative symptoms, depressive
symptoms and cognitive function.

In January 2016, the science committee of global initiative for chronic obstructive lung diseases (GOLD) released a global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (updated in 2016). This article presents a detail interpretation for the updated content of guideline.

Rheumatioid arthritis （RA） is a complex autoimmune disease cured difficultly. Comprehensive therapy is the major treatment for RA. This review summarizes the updated progress on new drug, iguratimod in treatment of RA including its pharmacokinetic, pharmacological effects and clinical application.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of migraine in children and adolescents and to observe the efficacy of the preventive treatment with flunarizine. Methods Based on the clinical symptoms, signs, medical history and auxiliary examination of migraine, the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and classification of migraine in children and adolescents were analyzed. Those patients were administrated with flunarizine 10 mg orally once a day for eight weeks. Results Totally 200 migraine patients with clinical diagnosis were identified as migraine without aura for 56.0%, migraine with aura for 21.5%, periodic syndrome for 13%, retinal migraine for 5.5% and others for 4.0%. Among them tense learning （42.0%） and interpersonal discord （28.0%） were the most common predisposing factors. Seizure frequency and degree of migraine were decreased significantly after therapy with flunarizine. Conclusion The clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and classification may benefit to migraine identified. The flunarizine for migraine prophylactic treatment is effective and safe.

Migraine is a clinical common chronic disorder. Generally, migraine aura is associated with cortical spreading depression (CSD) and migraine is associated with trigemi-movascular system (TVS). Vascular changes associated with CSD are an important part of trigeminal neurovascular theory. This review discusses the evolution of migraine pathogenesis.

Xiyanping injection is effective treatment of inflammation and infection, which is safer, stable and no drug resistance found in the course. This review summarizes the clinical application of Xiyanping injection.

Combined with the experience of clinical pharmacists about drug treatment, administration step, medication education for patient, this review summarizes the working pattern and key points of clinical pharmacists during pharmaceutical care of pemetrexed plus platinum in non-small cell lung cancer.

New oral anticoagulants have a relatively short half-life, predictable dose-response relationship and no need of laboratory monitoring and dose-adjustment. They have been shown to be effective for the prevention and treatment from venous thromboembolism. Overall, in the prevention from venous thromboembolism after major elective orthopaedic surgery, dabigatran is similar to enoxaparin, while rivaroxaban and apixaban are better than it. However, rivaroxaban and dabigatran are showed similar to low-molecular weight heparin and vitamin K. This review describes research progress of new oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism.

Verruca vulgaris is a kind of common skin disease caused by the infection of human papilloma virus, which may cause skin dysfunction and image destruction. Now there are a variety of therapy methods. But some treatment may have defects such as uncertain efficacy, not thorough cure and some adverse reactions, side effects and/or recurrence. Based on different conditions, the corresponding applicable treatment programs should be selected, and combination therapy is usually required. This review summarizes various kinds of the available therapies for verruca vulgaris as well as the characteristics of them will be brought out.

The international association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups (IADPSG) published the new gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnostic criteria in 2010, which recommended that all pregnant women without overt diabetes should have a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24～28 weeks’ gestation. GDM would be indicated if one or more values reached or exceeded the following levels of glucose: fasting glucose is 5.1 mmol/L, 1h and 2 h postprandial glucose are 10.0 mmol/L and 8.5 mmol/L. In 2011, the American diabetes association (ADA) and our country both referred to the IADPSG criteria. This review briefly describes content and research progress of the new diagnostic criteria of GDM.

Objective To evaluate the anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo of coix seed extract injection (Kanglaite)on the human lung adenocarcinoma. Methods A549 cell line was treated with Kanglaite. CCK-8 cell viability assay, scratch assay and transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of Kanglaite on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Xenograft in nude mice of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 were established and then treated with Kanglaite alone or combined with chemotherapeutic agent in order to evaluate their anti-tumor effect in vivo. Results Kanglaite suppressed the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cell line. After intravenous drug administration with Kanglaite at the dose of high, medium and low concentration, the relative tumor proliferation rate in nude mice of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 was 34.52%, 36.67% and 42.47%; after treatment of Kanglaite in different doses combined with low dose of chemotherapeutic agent respectively, the relative tumor proliferation rate was 26.75%, 22.48% and 29.82%. Conclusion Kanglaite possesses well acknowledged anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The anti-tumor effect in vivo was enhanced after Kanglaite combined with low dose of chemotherapeutic agent.

Abstract: Endocrine therapy is currently the main treatment for advanced prostate cancer, but most patients gradually develop to the castrate-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC） after treatment. The median survival time of these patients is less than 20 months. Molecular targeted therapy is currently under intensive investigation for CRPC treatment. Docetaxel plus prednisone have been confirmed as the first-line medicine, and zoladronic acid has been demonstrated to be successful in reducing bone related events. However, it is still a challenge to optimize the treatment strategy for CRPC patients in the clinical. This paper reviews the progress of therapeutic strategies for CRPC patients.

The Evidence-based Guideline Update for episodic migraine prevention in adults is published by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and the American Headache Society (AHS) in 2012. It was updated from 2000 AAN guidelines for migraine prophylaxis. This review interprets some main contents in the guide.

Huperzine A is a second generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
(AD). This review describes the pharmacological effects of huperzine A and its application on the cognitive function
improvement of AD patients.

Migraine is recognized as a familial aggregation nervous system disease. For now, the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of migraine still need to be investigated further. Combined with basic research and clinical study of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, to further clarify the pathogenesis of migraine and to explore the effective clinical treatment are the ultimate goal of study. This review describes the migraine prevalence in Chinese people and the local injection treatment for refractory migraine patients.

This review describes some indicated criteria of efficacy during antidepressant therapy, and discusses the clinical significance of early onset or early improvement and clinical remission, which is a critical goal in the treatment of depressive disorders. It also shows the efficacy among the different antidepressants in the treatment of acute depressive disorders, and the treatment strategy in treatment-resistant depression.

New types of antidepressants are widely used as therapeutic alliance and often in combination with other medications. It may modify the pharmacokinetics mediated by cytochrome P450. The investigation on drug interactions has important significance for rational use of medicine. This paper reviews the drug interactions of the new antidepressants to provide a guideline for combination therapy of antidepressants in clinic.

Objective To investigate the applicable rate of nutrition risk screen 2002 (NRS 2002), the incidence of nutrition risk and the use of nutrition support in hospitalized elderly patients to provide a reference for the appropriate use of nutrition support in the elderly inpatients. Methods To screen 500 elderly hospitalized patients with NRS 2002 and to find the use of nutrition support. Results The applicable rate of NRS 2002 in all patients was 95.20%, 18.8% of the patients were malnourished and 31.09% were at risk for malnourishment. One hundred and fifteen (77.70%) patients at risk of malnourishment accepted nutrition support, while 38 (11.59%) patients without malnourishment accepted nutrition support. Conclusion There is a high applicable rate for NRS 2002 in nutrition risk screening among hospitalized elderly patients, who might be malnourished or at risk for malnourishment. The rationale clinical nutrition support still needs to be improved.

Severe erythema multiforme-type drug eruption (Stevens Johnson syndrome, SJS) is a severe adverse drug reaction, which indicated a risk of mortality. The most common causative drugs include anticonvulsants, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. SJS has genetic predisposition and its diagnosis relies mainly on clinical signs together with the histological analysis of the skin biopsy. The management of patients with SJS requires rapid diagnosis, interruption of the suspected drug, evaluation of the prognosis and specialized supportive care. This review summarizes the progress in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SJS.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is a progressive, devastating lung disease with unknown cause which
has few treatment. The ongoing studies of IPF have found new therapeutic targets. This review describes the research
progress of pathogenis mechanism and diagnosis of IPF, and its clinical therapy in recent years.

Objective To assess the efficacy and the safety of homoharringtonine for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) through literatures. Methods Databases such as PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, VIP, WanFang Data, CBM and CNKI which were related to the clinical trials of homoharringtonine for CML were electronically searched. Two reviewers independently screened literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed
methodological quality. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2. Results Seven literatures including 531 patients were involved. The results of meta-analysis showed that the homoharringtonine group was superior to the hydroxyl urea group or the IFNα-2b group in terms of CHR rate, MCyR rate, PCyR rate, mCyR rate, blast rate and four years survival rate. There was no statistical difference in CCyR between the homoharringtonine group and the hydroxy urea group. Homoharringtonine caused less adverse reaction. Conclusion Low dose homoharringtonine alone shows considerable short term and long term
efficacy in the treatment of late phase CML.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of platelet parameters, coagulation, C-reactive protein(CRP) and the pregnancy associated plasma protein A(PAPP-A) determination in early-onset pre-eclampsia. Methods The levels of platelet parameters, coagulation parameters, CRP and PAPP-A in 68 cases of early-onset pre-eclampsia (32 cases of mild group, 36 cases of severe group) and 35 cases of normal late pregnancy maternal (normal group) were analyzed by fully automated blood biochemistry analyzer, fully automated coagulation analyzer, transmission turbidimetry and ELISA. The relationships of CRP and PAPP-A with platelet and coagulation parameters were analyzed. Results The levels of platelet (PLT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) in both two groups of early-onset preeclampsia were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The levels of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plasma fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), CRP, and PAPP-A in both two groups of early-onset pre-eclampsia were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The levels of PLT, APTT, and PT in severe group were lower than those in the mild group(P<0.05), while the levles of MPV, PDW, FIB, TT, CRP and PAPP-A of severe group were higher than those in the mild group (P<0.05). The levels of CRP were negatively correlated with PLT(P<0.01), while the PAPP-A levels were positively correlated with APTT, PT, FIB, TT (P<0.05). Conclusion The
changes of platelet parameters, coagulation parameters, CRP and PAPP-A in the patients with early-onset pre-eclampsia may reflect the patients' disease progress, and it is beneficial for the diagnosis of eclampsia and thrombosis.

Objective To analyze the important factors in adverse pregnancy outcomes for improving pregnancy quality. Methods Retrospective analysis on 436 cases of pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including 316 cases of pregnant women with reproductive tract infections, diabetes during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy and spouses drinking, and other 120 cases without risk factor, were performed by logistic regression analysis. Results In selected objects, the incidences of adverse pregnancy outcomes related to the factors of reproductive tract infections, diabetes, pregnancy passive smoking and drinking spouse were 5.7%, 34.0%, 25.8% and 17.5% respectively, which were higher than in patients without risk factors (2.5%). The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the relative risk ratio (OR) of reproductive tract infections was 3.23, OR of diabetes was 5.78, OR of passive smoking during pregnancy was 4.88, and OR of drinking spouse was 3.85. Conclusion Reproductive tract infections with pregnancy, diabetes during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy and spouse drinking were correlated with the incidence of adverse pregnancy.

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of electrical acupuncture plus massage in the
treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee patients, and its influence on quality of life (QOL). Methods The clinical therapeutic
effects of the treatment group (50 patients treated with electrical acupuncture and massage) and the control group (50
patients treated with massage only) were evaluated by scale of WOMAC and QOL(SF-36). Results The total effective
rate of treatment group was better than that of the control group. To use the scale of QOL (SF-36), the scores of treatment
group in PF, RP, BP, GH, VT, SF, RE, MH and HT were much higher than those of control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion
The combination of electrical acupuncture plus massage is more effective for osteoarthritis of the knee patients in clinical
symptoms.

Migraine is a common type of primary headache. Its clinical manifestation is paroxysmal unilateral or bilateral pulse-like headaches. In recent years, the migraine incidence is increasing, which seriously affects the patient's life quality. This paper reviews the progress of diagnosis and treatment of migraine.

在欧美等发达国家哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD) 患者普遍使用吸入制剂，我国大陆地区吸入制剂的应用尚未得到广泛推广，同时还面临着定量吸入气雾剂抛射剂氟利昂淘汰的困境。本文综述哮喘与COPD 治疗中常用的吸入制剂，及其与非吸入制剂相比不可替代的临床地位。

With the progress of molecular biology, targeted therapy especially epidermal growth factor receptortyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) become an important approach in the treatment of lung cancer. EGFR-TKIs are effective in either first, second and third-line treatment and maintenance therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review describes progress of molecular-targeted therapy of EGFR-TKIs for advanced NSCLC.

Diabetes and depression are common clinical chronic disease, the relationship between both diseases has become a research hotspot. Lots of resarch are on the way about risk factors, biology and symptom for the patients with comorbidity of depression and diabetes by scholars at home and abroad. This review describes research progress in correlation between these two diseases and the treatment progress of derpression complicated with diabetes to raise the attention about depression in the diabetic population.

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has become one of important therapeutic measures in the care of critically  ill patients. Failure of extracorporeal circuit   function appears most  likely due  to circuit clotting, which seriously affects  the continuity of CRRT. Understanding  the mechanisms  involved  in premature clotting of  the fltration circuit  is  useful  to  optimize  anticoagulation  and maintain flter  patency. This  review  descrbies  infuencing  factors  and prevention of coagulation in CRRT.

Epidermolysis bullosa eruption (toxic epidermal necroaysis, TEN) is a type of severe adverse drug reactions in skin and mucous membranes. Immediately ceasing the offending drug, supportive care, specific treatment of glucocorticoid and intravenous immunoglobulin could be used in its treatment. This review summarizes some advances on its genetic predisposition, immune mechanism, condition assessment and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ozagrel sodium and low molecular heparin calcium on integrated treatment to diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease. Methods Diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease were randomly divided into ozagrel sodium group and low molecular heparin calcium group. Under intensive blood glucose control and regular treatment to other complications, ozagrel sodium and low molecular heparin calcium were used for 2 weeks in either group. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) of posterior tibial artery and ankle brachial index(ABI) were measured before and at the end of treatment. Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and prothrombin(PT) were tested as safe index. Results After 2 weeks treatment with ozagrel sodium and low molecular heparin calcium, PSV of posterior tibial artery were increased in both groups(P＜0.05). Compared with low molecular heparin calcium group, increased PSV of ozagrel sodium group was less(7.29±8.81 cm/s vs 13.55±13.11 cm/s, P＜0.05). ABI changes were significantly different
(0.07±0.07 vs 0.08±0.06, P＜0.05). The changes of APTT and PT had no statistically difference before and after treatment or between two groups. Conclusion Two kinds of anticoagulant therapy can improve low limb blood supply in diabetic PAD patients, but the efficacy of low molecular heparin calcium is better than that of ozagrel sodium.