Vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is a core component of various chronic diseases and is closely related to the health status of the body. This article systematically explored the translational research on vascular endothelial cells from the perspectives of regenerative medicine, preventive medicine, and preventing or reversing vascular aging. It aimed to integrate multidisciplinary perspectives on vascular research, deepen the understanding of the central role of vascular endothelium cells in maintaining organ function, systemic health, and promoting healthy aging, and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

Vascular endothelial cells play a crucial role in the body. Due to their large surface area and the fact that body cells are generally located within the oxygen diffusion limit of capillaries(100-150 μm), the microvascular network constitutes a key interface between the circulatory system and the parenchyma of organs. Traditionally, endothelial cells have mainly been regarded as functional actors that respond to external stimuli(such as inffammatory factors). Recent research has revised this passive perspective. Currently, endothelial cells have been redefined as active "gatekeepers" due to their strategic position between circulation and tissue. They precisely regulate the local environment by secreting various paracrine signaling molecules. This article brieffy summarized the response and conduction functions of vascular endothelial cells in the vascular wall, and discussed their key roles in physiological and pathological processes.

The vascular endothelium differentiates organically in both structure and molecules, enabling it to execute specific functions that are tailored to the microenvironment. Continuous endothelial cells with firmly sealing tight junctions are found in tissue, in which the endothelial cells form a barrier, such as in the brain, lung, or muscle. Discontinuous endothelium are present in organs with ffltration function(e.g., kidney) or that release substances into the bloodstream(endocrine glands). Sinusoidal endothelium forms a discontinuous layer with intracellular and intercellular sieve-like gaps. They are found in immune active organs such as the bones, spleen, and liver. This article reviewed the analysis and utilization of mechanism of vascular heterogeneity, aiming to provide references for the development of new therapeutic targets for related diseases.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction in regulating microglia for Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods The AD cell model was established by stimulating BV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and the effect of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction was evaluated through the following experiments: ①Cell viability and apoptosis rate were detected by CCK-8 method and ffow cytometry. ② Inffammatory factors(IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and oxidative stress indicators(ROS, MDA, SOD) were determined by ELISA. ③Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inffammasome. ④Mitochondrial functions(ATP production, membrane potential, and superoxide generation) were determined using commercial kits. Results Tongqiao Huoxue decoction signiffcantly inhibited the increase in BV2 cell viability induced by LPS(t＝5.289—14.406, P＜0.05) and the decrease in apoptosis rate(t＝14.518, P＜0.05), and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors, reversed oxidative stress(upregulated ROS and MDA, down-regulated SOD), with statistically signiffcant differences(P＜0.05). Tongqiao Huoxue decoction can improve mitochondrial dysfunction caused by LPS: restore ATP production, stabilize membrane potential, and reduce superoxide generation(P＜0.05). Mechanism studies have shown that Tongqiao Huoxue decoction exerts a protective effect by down-regulating the expression of NLRP3 inffammasome, and overexpression of NLRP3 can reverse this effect(P＜0.05). Conclusion Tongqiao Huoxue decoction exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inffammasome, improving the inffammatory response and oxidative stress state of microglia, and correcting mitochondrial dysfunction.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of oral electrolyte solution after surgery in patients undergoing endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps, and to evaluate the impact on postoperative intestinal function recovery, patient comfort and the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods A total of 140 patients who underwent endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps at the Tenth People's Hospital from March 2024 to June 2024 were selected and divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 70 cases in each group. Patients in the experimental group took 400 mL of electrolyte formula food orally 2 hours after the operation. The control group was given sterile water of the same volume. The ffrst postoperative exhaust, defecation and hospital stay, the visual analogue scale, self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The ffrst postoperative exhaust, defecation and hospital stay in the experimental group were all shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.001). The postoperative levels of blood potassium and blood glucose in the control group were signiffcantly

Objective To explore the adjuvant treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) with nephritis rehabilitation tablets, and its inffuence on peripheral mononuclear cell B7-1, soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase(sFlt)-1 and renal ffbrosis indicators. Methods A total of 120 CGN patients in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2024 were selected for the study. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group by simple sorting method, with 60 cases in each group. Eventually, the number dropped to 55 cases in each group and was included in the data analysis. Both groups received basic treatment. The control group was treated with cyclophosphamide, while the experimental group was supplemented with nephritis rehabilitation tablets. The clinical efffcacy, B7-1, sFlt-1, renal ffb rosis indicators [cystatin C(CysC), transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1, ffbronectin(FN)], serum creatinine(Scr), u rinary protein(UP), time for improvement of clinical symptoms (time for disappearance of nausea, vomiting, edema and fatigue), and occurrence of adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(92.73% vs. 78.18%, P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of B7-1, sFlt-1, CysC, TGF-β1, Scr, , BUN, β2-MG and CD8＋ in both groups decreased compared with those before treatment, and the levels in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the FN and CD4＋ in both groups increased compared with those before treatment, and the experimental group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05). The improvement time of clinical symptoms in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no statistically signiffcant comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion In patients with CGN, the administration of nephritis rehabilitation tablets as an adjunct can help reduce the expression of B7-1, down-regulate the level of sFlt-1, and improve renal ffbrosis.

Objective To compare the efffcacy of tenofovir propofol and entecavir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and their effects on serum Golgi protein(GP)73 and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-RNA. Methods A total of 96 eligible CHB patients admitted to our hospital from September 2023 to January 2025 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with entecavir dispersible tablets, while the observation group was treated with tenofovir profol fumarate tablets. Both groups were treated for 28 weeks. The clinical efffcacy, GP73, HBV-RNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV-DNA levels, liver function, liver ffbrosis and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, there was a statistically signiffcant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups(P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of GP73, HBV-RNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV-DNA, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, laminin, procollagen type Ⅲ, type Ⅳ collagen, hyaluronic acid in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no statistically signiffcant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Tenofovir propofol can effectively improve liver function in patients with CHB, has good safety, and has a good antiviral effect when used for a long time.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO) is a clinical syndrome caused by an abnormal increase in the number of bacteria in the small intestine. Children have incomplete physiological functions and are more prone to the disease. The treatment of SIBO in children is rather complex, and the use of antibacterial drugs needs to fully consider both efficacy and safety. This paper reviewed the pathological mechanism, epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment strategies of SIBO in children, and evaluated the efffcacy and safety of antibacterial drugs, aiming to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) increases with age, seriously affecting the quality of life and prognosis of patients. In recent years, the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of sarcopenia has demonstrated significant advantages in clinical practice. Based on the epidemiology, understanding of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, pathogenesis and treatment progress of CKDrelated sarcopenia, this paper reviewed the current application effects of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in CKDrelated sarcopenia, aiming to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.

Doxorubicin, as a widely used anti-tumor drug, has significant cardiac toxicity that limits its clinical effectiveness and safety, making it a major challenge in cancer treatment. In recent years, more and more researches have focused on the potential role of traditional Chinese medicine in reducing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity(DIC), especially by regulating the expression of microRNA(miRNA). This article summarized the relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine alleviating DIC by regulating miRNA expression, explored its molecular mechanisms and research progress, in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for the development of new cardiac protection strategies in the future.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly occurring in the elderly population. Imatinib, as a treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the first-line drugs, has remarkable efffcacy, but its easy to be nuclease degradation in the body, leading to low bioavailability. Clinically, large doses of the drug are often required, which can lead to serious adverse reactions such as neutropenia, coagulation dysfunction and hepatotoxicity. Imatinib nanoparticles can effectively stimulate the activation of immune cells, reduce the inffltration of immunosuppressive cells, and reshape the immune microenvironment by regulating the tyrosine kinase receptor protein-related signaling pathways, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor immune effect. In addition, targeted drug nanoparticles can prolong the action time of imatinib in the body, providing the possibility of reducing the drug dosage. This article reviewed the relevant research on imatinib nanoformulations in recent years, aiming to provide scientiffc basis and theoretical support for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with new soft drug nanoparticles modiffed by hyaluronic acid, and to offer references for the application of new clinical drugs in the future.

Drug-induced immunotherapy-related gastrointestinal toxicity has become a highly concerned issue in clinical treatment. The adverse reactions it causes, such as diarrhea, inffammation and mucosal damage, seriously affect the quality of life and therapeutic effect of patients. Non-coding RNA is a class of molecules that do not translate into proteins but have important biological functions. Previous studies have shown that non-coding RNA plays a key role in druginduced immunotherapy-related gastrointestinal toxicity by regulating mechanisms such as gene expression, inffammatory response, oxidative stress, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiota. This article systematically reviewed the mechanism of action of non-coding RNA in drug-induced immunotherapy-related gastrointestinal toxicity, providing a new perspective for a deeper understanding of the toxicity mechanism and improvement of therapeutic efffcacy.

Objective To analyze the changes of a tertiary hospital operation indicators before and after the reform of diagnosis related groups(DRG) payment. Methods The operation indicators of a tertiary hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were extracted and divided into two groups according to the time node: before DRG payment reform and after DRG payment reform. The operation of the hospital was analyzed from service ability, medical efficiency, hospital medical quality and data quality. The inpatient expenses and structural changes were analyzed by using the degree of structural change and intermittent time series. Results After the reform of DRG payment method, the proportion of relative weight＞1 cases, the proportion of grade 4 operations, and the proportion of surgical patients in sample hospitals increased signiffcantly. The proportion of high-rate cases, the incidence of complications and other indicators of surgical patients decreased signiffcantly. Compared with before the reform, the average hospitalization cost decreased by 2270.90 yuan, and the slope after the implementation of the reform was -406.55(P＝0.002), that is, the average monthly ecrease was 406.55 yuan. Among them, the largest contribution rate of structural change was material cost, exhibiting a negative change(value of structure variation＝-2.23%), and the contribution rate was 36.66%. Conclusion After the implementation of DRG payment, the efffciency of hospital medical service has been improved continuously and the effect of medical cost control has been obvious. It is suggested that the hospital optimize the management mode, strengthen the cost control, and strengthen the supervision and assessment.

Pharmacetical outpatient clinics represents a new model of pharmaceutical service, which plays a signiffcant role in enhancing the therapeutic effect of patients' drugs, reducing medication risks, and conserving medical resources. In recent years, the opening rate of pharmaceutical outpatient clinics has increased signiffcantly. The types of clinics are diverse, which can meet the medical needs of different patients. The service model and quality of pharmaceutical outpatient clinics are inffuenced by multiple factors such as region, urban economic scale, hospital level and patients' economic capacity. Based on the ROCCIPI analysis method, the author analyzed the practical situation of pharmaceutical outpatient clinics established in municipal and county-level hospitals in Shanxi province, and proposed optimization strategies, aiming to provide useful references for the construction of pharmaceutical outpatient clinics in other municipal and county-level hospitals.