Pediatric chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML), a malignant hematopoietic stem cell disease driven by the BCR/ABL fusion gene. The emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI) has signiffcantly improved long-term survival rates in children with CML, marking a milestone in its therapeutic history. However, TKI may exert long-term effects on pediatric growth and development, necessitating careful consideration of lifelong treatment tolerance and quality of life. The status of the second-generation TKI, dasatinib and nilotinib, in the ffrst-line treatment of pediatric CML has been further clariffed. The long-term value of imatinib has been precisely evaluated in speciffc populations. The novel agents like asciminib, which offer new avenues to overcome resistance. This review systematically summarized key recent progress in targeted therapy for pediatric CML, deeply analyzed the efffcacy and safety proffles of each TKI generation, discussed individualized treatment selection strategies, and envisioned future directions guided by precision medicine and functional cure.

Anti-ganglioside(GD) 2 monoclonal antibodies have been widely used in clinical practice and can significantly improve the prognosis of children with high-risk neuroblastoma(HR-NB) and refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma(R/R NB). However, some patients still experience relapse, and a few develop severe treatment-related adverse reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to optimize GD2-targeted antibodies or explore new therapeutic targets to increase the cure rate of NB. This paper reviewed three aspects: the clinical application progress of GD2-related antibodies, the development of GD2 antibody-drug conjugates, and the research advances in novel antibody drugs for NB, aiming to provide references for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of polygonatum saponin on the malignant biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. Method Using ovarian cancer cells RMG-1 as the model, which were divided into the control group, the low-dose SRP group(50 μM), the high-dose SRP group(100 μM), the SRP group, the Fer-1 group, the SRP＋Fer-1 group, the overexpression(ov)-TERT group, and the SRP＋ov-TERT group. The cell vitality, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, indicators of ferroptosis and telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT), solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase(GPX) 4 were detected by CCK 8, wound healing assay, Transwell, ffow cytometry, commercial kits and western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the cell migration rate and invasion rate in the low-dose and high-dose SRP groups were lower(P＜0.05), and the cell viability was decreased while the cell apoptosis rate was increased(P＜0.05). The SRP group signiffcantly increased the intracellular iron content and reactive oxygen species levels(P＜0.001), while the protein expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4 were decreased(P＜0.01). The SRP dose-dependently down-regulated the expression level of TERT protein and the activity of telomerase(P＜0.001). The ov-TERT can reverse the inhibitory effects of SRP on telomerase activity, cell viability, migration and invasion rates(P＜0.05), and antagonize the SRP-induced iron accumulation, increase in reactive oxygen species, and downregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression(P＜0.05). Conclusion SRP can inhibit the migration, invasion and cell viability of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the expression of TERT, and promote cell apoptosis, thereby slowing down the further progression of ovarian cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 2(GLT8D2) in gastric cancer(GC) and its molecular mechanism. Methods Transfected GC cells(MGC-803 and AGS) were divided into the pcDNA3.1 vector group, the pcDNA-GLT8D2 group, the sh-normal contro(NC) group, the sh-GLT8D2 group, the sh-GLT8D2＋Fer-1 group, the sh-p53 group, and the sh-GLT8D2＋sh-p53 group. The expression levels of GLT8D2 mRNA and protein in GC tumor tissues and GC cells were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting(WB). Cell proliferation was detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU) staining. Transwell was used to detect the cell invasion situation. The expression levels of key proteins in ferroptosis were detected by WB. Results Compared with the adjacent cancer tissues and human gastric mucosal cells, the expression of GLT8D2 was signiffcantly upregulated in GC tissues and cells(P＜0.001). Compared with the pcDNA-3.1 vector group, the levels of GLT8D2 mRNA and GLT8D2 protein in MGC-803 and AGS cells of the pcDNA-GLT8D2 group were signiffcantly increased, and it promoted cell proliferation and invasion(P＜0.001). Compared with the sh-NC group, the levels of GLT8D2 mRNA and GLT8D2 protein in MGC-803 and AGS cells of the sh-GLT8D2 group were signiffcantly decreased(P＜0.001), while the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) were signiffcantly increased, and the protein levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase(GPX)4, and glutathione(GSH) were signiffcantly decreased(P＜0.001). Compared with the sh-GLT8D2 group, the ROS levels in MGC-803 and AGS cells of the sh-GLT8D2 + Fer-1 group were signiffcantly decreased, while the levels of SLC7A11, GPX4 and GSH proteins were signiffcantly increased(P＜0.001). Compared with the sh-GLT8D2 group, the ROS levels in MGC-803 and AGS cells of the sh-GLT8D2 + sh-p53 group were decreased, while the levels of SLC7A11, GPX4 and GSH proteins were increased(P＜0.001). Conclusion GLT8D2 was signiffcantly upregulated in GC. Overexpression of GLT8D2 inhibited ferroptosis by regulating the p53/SLC7A11 axis, promoted the proliferation and invasion of GC cells, thereby facilitating the progression of GC and providing a certain theoretical basis for the development of new and effective therapeutic targets for GC.

Objectives To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of calcium-based antimicrobial peptide compounds(CAPCS) in the treatment of mild atopic dermatitis. Methods A multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted, and a total of 200 eligible patients with mild AD were enrolled in ten hospitals in China. Patients were randomly assigned(1∶1) to the treatment group and the control group. The treatment group applied the CAPCS-containing cream topically, while the control group applied the vehicle-based placebo without CAPCS. Both groups administered the treatment three times daily for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved at least 60% improvement in the eczema area and severity index(EASI) score compared to the baseline at the 2nd week(EASI60 response rate). The secondary outcomes were the changes in EASI score, dermatology life quality index(DLQI) scores, numerical rating scale(NRS) scores, and investigator global assessment(IGA) scores at weeks 2 and 4, as well as adverse events. Results A total of 189 out of 200 mild AD patients ffnished the treatment and were included in the ffnal analysis. In the 2nd week, the improvement in the EASI60 score of the treatment group was signiffcant better than that of the control group, the EASI60 response rate were 24.74% and 6.52% respectively, and this signiffcant difference persisted until the 4th week. The EASI score in the treatment group was 0.14 points lower than that of the control group[95% conffdence interval(CI): -0.47—0.18], and in the 4th week, this difference increased to 0.34 points(95% CI: -0.63—-0.06). In the 2rd and 4th week, the decrease in IGA, DLQI and NRS scores in the treatment group was signiffcant higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion CAPCS can significantly improve skin lesions, clinical symptoms, and patients’ quality of life, and can be used as a clinical adjunctive therapy for mild AD.

Objective To explore the effect of external counterpulsation(ECP) combined with sertraline on abnormal W wave of cerebral blood ffow velocity curve, Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) score, and the levels of serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and interleukin(IL)-6 in patients with post-stroke depression(PSD) after acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 152 patients with acute ischemic PSD admitted to the Department of Neurology, Hefei Second People's Hospital from February 2022 to May 2023 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group by simple random method, with 76 cases in each group. The control group received sertraline, while the observation group received sertraline combined with ECP therapy. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. The improvement rate of HAMD score, National Institutes of Health Stroke scale(NIHSS) scores, cerebral blood ffow parameters[W-wave regression amplitude, mean cerebral blood ffow velocity(mCBFv)], and serum indicators were compared before and after treatment in both groups. Adverse reactions were also statistically analyzed. Results After treatment, the improvement rate of HAMD score in the observation group was signiffcantly higher than that in the control group. The HAMD, NIHSS scores and the W-wave regression amplitude in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001). The supine mCBFv was signiffcantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.001). The serum levels of serotonin, BDNF and VEGF in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.001), and the level of IL-6 was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.001). There was no signiffcant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion External counterpulsation combined with sertraline can effectively improve depressive symptoms, neurological function and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with PSD after acute ischemic stroke, regulate serum neurotrophic factors and inffammatory factors, and has good safety.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of trimetazidine on the function of peripheral blood immune cells and the expressions of serum adropin and serum amyloid A(SAA) in children with viral myocarditis. Methods A total of 142 children with viral myocarditis admitted to Xuzhou children's hospital from February 2021 to May 2023 were included and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group by a simple randomization method, with 71 cases in each group. The control group received conventional antiviral drugs combined with fructose-1,6-diphosphate, while the observation group additionally received trimetazidine. Cardiac structure, cardiac function, myocardial enzyme spectrum, immune function, inflammatory factors, adropin, and SAA levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions was evaluated. Based on prognosis, the children were divided into the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group, and the predictive value of adropin and SAA for poor prognosis was analyzed. Results After treatment, the clinical effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(92.96% vs. 81.69%), with a significant difference(P＜0.05). In terms of cardiac structure, cardiac function, myocardial enzyme spectrum, inflammatory factors, and immune function indicators, the improvement of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group(P＜0.05). Compared with before treatment, the serum adropin in the observation group increased and the SAA decreased, and the difference was more obvious than that in the control group(P＜0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(19.72% vs. 29.58%), but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that adropin and SAA were important factors influencing the poor prognosis of children with viral myocarditis. Conclusion Trimetazidine assistance can effectively improve cardiac function, reduce inflammatory response, enhance immune function, has good safety in children with viral myocarditis. It is also related to the expression changes of serum adropin and SAA, which can be used as predictors of poor prognosis of viral myocarditis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between pre-thrombolysis blood pressure and collateral circulation in acute ischemic stroke(AIS) patients and its impact on prognosis. Methods A total of 191 AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis(IVT) alone in the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were enrolled. Patients were divided into the normal blood pressure group and the elevated blood pressure group based on pre-thrombolysis blood pressure. All patients underwent collateral circulation assessment using multimodal computed tomography angiography＋computed tomography perfusion imaging before thrombolysis. Clinical data and 90-day post-thrombolysis outcomes were compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed with whether the prognosis was good as the dependent variable. Results Good collateral circulation significantly reduced hemorrhagic transformation risk, extended the therapeutic time window, and improved 90-day functional outcomes(P ＜0.001). The elevated blood pressure group had a higher prevalence of hypertension(80.2% vs. 63.3%, P＝0.013) and prolonged door-to-needle time[(47.92±28.3) min vs. (37.63±16.4) min, P＝0.010], but no direct correlation was found between pre-thrombolysis blood pressure and collateral compensation capacity (collateral adequacy rate: 78.3% vs. 69.5%, P＝0.204). Patients with poor collaterals exhibited higher rates of atrial fibrillation(P＝0.003), advanced age(P＝0.011), and severe neurological deficits(P＜0.001). Regression analysis showed that good collateral circulation was the strongest predictor of favorable short-term[odds ratio(OR)＝3.403, P＝0.009] and long-term(OR＝23.442, P＜0.001) outcomes. Chronic hypertension may inhibit collateral compensation through vascular stiffness and microcirculatory dysfunction, significantly increased the risk of long-term adverse outcomes(OR＝0.354, P＝0.021). Conclusion Prethrombolysis blood pressure cannot reliably predict collateral circulation status. Alberta stroke program early CT score can accurately assess collateral circulation and have a clear guiding therapeutic effect on IVT. Clinical management should balance acutephase blood pressure control with collateral protection, prioritizing imaging-based collateral evaluation for individualized therapy.

Abstract: To investigate the efficacy of dapagliflozin as an adjunctive therapy in early-stage diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its impact on blood glucose, insulin resistance(IR), and stress response. Methods Patients with early-stage DN admitted to endocrinology department of Linquan county people's hospital from February 2022 to February 2025 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with metformin combined with valsartan, while the observation group additionally received dapagliflozin. The treatment course lasted 3 months. The efficacy, blood glucose levels, IR, stress response, renal function, and safety were compared between the two groups after 1 month a nd 3 months of treatment. Results After 1 month of treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of 24- hour urine protein(24hUP), serum creatinine(Scr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) between the two groups(P＞0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(90.00% vs. 75.00%, P＜0.05). The eGFR levels of both groups increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). Both 24hUP and Scr levels decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and IR index levels assessed by homeostasis model in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in both groups were decreased than those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the observation group was lower than the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in complication in cidence between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Dapagliflozin demonstrates significant efficacy as an adjunctive therapy for early-stage DN, effectively improving blood glucose levels, alleviating IR, and reducing inflammatory responses.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and impact on patients’ quality of life in the treatment of rosacea with Kehuang capsules combined with hyaluronic acid repairing biofilm. Methods A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial design was adopted. Sixty patients diagnosed with rosacea between June 2022 and January 2023 were included and divided into the treatment group (n＝40) and the control group(n＝20) at a ratio of 2∶1. The treatment group was orally administered Kehuang capsules combined with topical application of hyaluronic acid repairing biofilm,while the control group was orally administered the placebo combined with topical application of the same type of biofilm.The treatment duration was 12 weeks. The efficacy was evaluated by monitoring changes in symptom scores. The investigator global assessment(IGA) of papules and pustules and the rosacea quality of life scale(RosaQoL) were employed to specifically measure changes in papules, pustules, and quality of life. Adverse reactions were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(52% vs. 20%, P＜0.05). The combined treatment regimen significantly improved the secondary symptoms of rosacea (burning, dryness, and pruritus, P＜0.05). The IGA scores showed that the treatment group was significantly improved after treatment compared with before treatment(P＜0.05), while no significant change was observed in the control group before and after treatment. The total RosaQoL scores and the scores for emotion and symptom distress in both groups decreased significantly after treatment(P＜0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was comparable, and there was no serious adverse events. Conclusion Kehuang capsules combined with hyaluronic acid repairing biofilm can effectively reduce rosacea symptoms, improve patients' quality of life, and demonstrate good safety.

Objective To analyze the effects of semaglutide and metformin on metabolic indicators and serum C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein(CTRP)3 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) complicated with i nsulin resistance(IR). Methods A total of 150 PCOS patients with IR treated in gynecologicaL endocrinology clinic from June 2024 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 75 cases in each group. The control group received conventional therapy combined with metformin, while the observation group received conventional therapy combined with semaglutide. The treatment course were 3 menstrual cycles. Clinical efficacy, ovarian function, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), homeostatic model assessment of IR(HOMA-IR),homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function(HOMA-β) index, metabolic indicators, serum CTRP3 levels, and safety of the two groups were observed and recorded. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05). The levels of luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone(LH/ FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) and ovarian volume in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the BMI, HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), triglyceride(TG), and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05), and the HOMA-β and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were higher(P＜0.05). Serum CTRP3 level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group after treatment(P＜0.05). No statistically significant difference in a dverse reactions was observed between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Semaglutide is more effective than metformin in regulating metabolic indicators and serum CTRP3, improving pancreatic β-cell function and ovarian function in PCOS patients with IR, which has good clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the effects of Yishen Gujing Kangyan formula as an dajunctive treatment on thymosin β4, kidney injury molecule(KIM)-1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL) in patients with lupus nephritis(LN). Methods A total of 110 LN patients admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the research subjects and were divided into the study group and the control group, with 55 cases in each group. By the end of the study, 9 patients dropped out, resulting in 51 and 50 cases in the study group and the control group, respectively. Both groups were treated with the standard regimen, and the study group was additionally given the Yishen Gujing Kangyan formula. After 3 months of treatment, the clinical efficacy, thymosin β4, KIM-1, NGAL, renal function, positive rate of autoantibodies, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group(82.35% vs. 64.00%, P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of thymosin β4 in both groups were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the level in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of KIM-1 and NGAL in both groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the level in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of blood urea nitrogen, 24-hour urine protein excretion, and serum creatinine in both groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the level in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the positive rates of antinuclear antibodies and anti-doublestranded DNA antibodies in both groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the rate in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the main symptom scores and secondary symptom scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05), and the score in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The Yishen Gujing Kangyan formula has a good auxiliary therapeutic effect on LN, can improve the indicators of thymosin β4, KIM-1, and NGAL, and help restore renal function.

Objective To investigate the effect of hormone combined with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of me mbranous nephropathy(MN) on serum albumin(ALB) and 24-hour urine protein(24hUP). Method A total of 126 patients with MN who received treatment in Linquan county people's hospital from November 2021 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects, including 63 cases in the observation group and 63 cases in the control group. The control group received hormone therapy alone, while the observation group received additional cyclophosphamide on the basis of the control group treatment. Clinical efficacy, serum ALB, 24hUP, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR), lipid met abolism indicators, and adverse reaction rates were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the total effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group than the control group(80.95% vs. 60.32%, P＜0.05). Serum ALB levels were increased in both groups compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the observation group showing higher level than the control group(P＜0.05). 24hUP levels decreased in both groups, and the observation group exhibiting lower level than the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of mALB, UACR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in both groups than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the observation group showing greater reduction than the control group(P＜0.05). No statistically signi ficant difference was observed in adverse reaction rates between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Hormone combined with cyclophosphamide demonstrates superior efficacy in MN patients and can further improve serum ALB and 24hUP levels.

As a cutting-edge and potential novle class of anti-tumor drug, antibody-drug conjugates(ADC)have shown significant efficacy in a variety of tumor treatments. However, with the widespread use of ADC, the related adverse reactions have attracted more and more attention. Interstitial lung disease(ILD) is a serious and life-threatening adverse reactions, which is usually characterized by progressive dyspnea, cough, chest pain, hypoxemia and low-grade fever. The mechanism of ADC-related ILD is complex, involving multi-dimensional factors, and due to the lack of specific diagnostic criteria of ILD, high vigilance must be maintained in clinical practice, problems should be identified early and timely intervention. This review aims to sort out the pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation and management strategies of ADCrelated ILD, helping clinicians understand and master the characteristics of pulmonary toxicity of ADC, so as to reduce and avoid serious adverse reactions and ensure the effectiveness and safety of ADC therapy in clinical application.

The prevalence and incidence of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in our country are constantly increasing. Obesity T2DM/NAFLD not only increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but is also closely related to a variety of malignant tumors, endocrine diseases and chronic kidney disease. At present, there are no specific preventive or therapeutic drugs for obesity T2DM/NAFLD. Semaglutide has been approved for weight reduction in China . It has significant research significance and application prospects for the prevention and treatment of obesity T2DM/NAFLD by improving insulin resistance, lowering blood sugar and blood lipids, reducing body weight, reducing hepatic steatosis and improving liver fibrosis.