Topical preparations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) are effective for mild to moderate psoriasis(PsO) and atopic dermatitis(AD). In severe cases of PsO and AD, their adjunct use with conventional Western therapy can significantly delay disease recurrence. In PsO, they target multiple pathways such as the interleukin-17/helper T cell(Th)17 inflammatory axis and Janus kinase/STAT to exert anti-inflammatory effects, in AD, they block the Th2-type immune response and inhibit inflammation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway. In vitiligo(Vit), TCM topical preparations are often combined with Western therapy to suppress Th1-type immunity and activate the microphthalmia associated transcription factor pathway, thereby promoting repigmentation of lesions. Furthermore, they can shorten the wound healing time in diabetic foot ulcer(DFU) by establishing a three-dimensional regulatory network involving "anti-inflammation-angiogenesis-collagen remodeling". However, current research is limited by low evidence levels and insufficient investigation into recurrence mechanisms. Therefore, this article systematically reviewed the clinical positioning of topical TCM preparations in inflammatory skin diseases such as PsO, AD, Vit, and DFU, as well as their advantages in delaying disease recurrence. It is anticipated that advanced clinical evidence and spatial transcriptomics technologies will be utilized to further explore their recurrence-delaying mechanisms and key targets, providing support for new drug development.

Influenza A virus(IAV) is a class of pathogenic viruses capable of causing seasonal epidemics and even global pandemics. It is characterized by a high mutation rate and strong transmissibility. Influenza A(commonly known as "flu A") is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by IAV. Clinically, it is often accompanied by high fever, extreme fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and dry cough, posing a persistent threat to public health. Current antiviral drugs(such as neuraminidase inhibitors, RNA polymerase inhibitors, etc.) are limited by bottlenecks including a narrow treatment window, high drug resistance, and relatively high incidence of adverse reactions, thus urgent need for alternative or synergistic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of flu A, achieving remarkable effects in prevention, symptom improvement, and course shortening. This article systematically summarized the basic and clinical research evidence on the synergistic prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for flu A in recent years, aiming to provide references for subsequent research and clinical optimization of diagnosis and treatment protocols.

Inflammatory response is considered a key factor in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with pathological features mainly including cell necrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria serves as the cornerstone of cell metabolism, which mainly affects cells directly and indirectly by regulating energy metabolism, oxidative stress, autophagy, ferroptosis and apoptosis, promotes the abnormal activation of the immune system and accelerates the progress of inflammation, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular related diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine possesses pharmacological activities that can repair mitochondrial function and inhibit inflammatory responses. It can significantly improve the inflammatory response in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by regulating mitochondria through multi-pathway, multi-target and multi-level regulation. Therefore, based on mitochondrial function, this paper reviewed the studies on mitochondrial protective function, maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, and mechanism for delaying disease progression of traditional Chinese medicine compounds, single flavor Chinese medicines, and traditional Chinese medicine extracts, aiming to provide a new basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular related diseases.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which total flavonoids of Astragalus(TFA) improve behavioral deficits in mice with Parkinson disease(PD) via fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT). Methods Experiment 1: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal group 1, model group 1, and TFA group. The TFA group received intragastric administration of TFA(100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Mice in model group 1 and TFA group received daily injections of MPTP(20 mg/kg) on days 26 to 28. Behavioral tests and gut microbiota analysis were then performed. Experiment 2: Thirty mice were divided into normal group 2, model group 2, and TFA-FMT group. The TFA-FMT group received fecal suspensions from the TFA group donors in Experiment 1 via gavage every other day from days 7 to 14. Mice in model group 2 and TFA-FMT group received daily MPTP injections on days 12 to 14. Behavioral tests and substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) expression were analyzed. Results TFA significantly improved motor dysfunction in PD mice, increasing total movement distance in the open field test and prolonging struggle time in the tail suspension test(both P＜ 0.05). TFA also reversed the abnormal elevations of Bilophila and Dubosiella in the gut microbiota(P＜0.05). After FMT treatment, the TFA-FMT group showed significant improvement in motor function compared to model group 2, with increased open field movement distance and prolonged tail suspension struggle time(P＜0.05). Additionally, TH expression in the substantia nigra was significantly restored in the TFA-FMT group compared to model group 2(P＜0.05). Conclusion TFA alleviates MPTP-induced behavioral deficits and the reduction of TH by remodeling the gut microbiota. Its neuroprotective effects can be transferred via FMT, indicating that modulation of the gut microbiota is a key pathway through which TFA exerts its efficacy.

Objective To explore the mechanism of resveratrol regulating the FUNDC1/mitochondrial autophagy/ pyroptosis axis in the occurrence of thyroid cancer(TC). Methods Human TC cells TPC-1 were divided into negative control group, resveratrol(low dose), resveratrol(high dose), MCC590, resveratrol(low dose)＋MCC590, resveratrol(high dose)＋MCC590, Mitotrmpo, resveratrol(low dose)＋Mitotrmpo, resveratrol(high dose)＋Mitotrmpo, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)、DMSO＋si-FUNDC1, resveratrol(low dose)＋si-FUNDC1, resveratrol(low dose)＋si- FUNDC1, CQ＋si-NC and resveratrol(high dose)＋CQ groups. The mRNA and protein expression levels of pyroptosis marker proteins, mitophagy proteins and FUNDC1 were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. CCK-8, scratch test and Transwell invasion test were used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells. The content of oxidative stress index GSH was detected by ELISA. The level of ROS in cells was detected by reactive oxygen species detection kit. Results Resveratrol significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05). Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of TPC- 1 cells by promoting pyroptosis. In addition, resveratrol also promoted oxidative stress in TPC-1 cells. Mechanism studies have shown that resveratrol promotes pyroptosis of TPC-1 cells by promoting FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, migration, invasion and oxidative stress of TPC-1 cells. Conclusion Resveratrol promotes pyroptosis of TC cells by promoting FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy, thereby inhibiting cell migration and invasion and promoting cell oxidative stress.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of Fuhuang Shengji Yu Ointment on diabetic ulcers, as well as the mechanism by which it promotes the epithelialization healing of diabetic ulcer wounds. Methods A total of 36 db/ db mice were selected to establish diabetic ulcer animal model by surgical removal of full-thickness skin. After the model was successfully established, the mice were divided into the model group, the Fuhuang Ointment group, and the growth factor group, with 12 mice in each group, and 12 db/m control mice. Observe the general changes of the wound surfaces in each group of mice, record the wound healing rate; perform hematoxylin-eosin staining to detect the histopathology and inflammatory response of the wound tissues; use immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of vascular proliferation marker CD34. Use EdU method to detect the cell proliferation status of the wound; use immunofluorescence to detect the epithelialization marker Cytokeratin14 and perform co-localization with β-Catenin and GSK-3β. conduct quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting to detect the expression of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in the tissues. Compared with the normal group, the wound healing rate of the model group was significantly lower at D3, D7, D14 and D21(P＜0.01), and the healing time was significantly longer(P＜0.01). compared with the model group, the Fuhuang Ointment group and the growth factor group showed significantly higher wound healing rates at D3, D7, D14 and D21 after medication(P＜0.05), and significantly shorter healing time(P＜0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of CD34 in the wound tissues of the Fuhuang Ointment group and the growth factor group was significantly increased(P＜0.05). there was no statistical difference between theFuhuang Ointment group and the growth factor group(P＞0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of Cytokeratin 14 in the Fuhuang Ointment group and the growth factor group was significantly increased(P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the expressions of β-Catenin, C-myc, CyclinD1 proteins and mRNAs in the wound areas of mice in the Fuhuang Ointment group and the growth factor group were significantly increased(P＜0.05), while the expressions of GSK-3β protein and mRNA were significantly decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusion The topical compound Fuhuang Shengji Yu Ointment can promote the epithelialization and healing of diabetic ulcers in mice by regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway of keratinocytes.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of abrocitinib in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis(AD). Methods A total of 150 patients with moderate to severe AD who met the criteria in our hospital from July 2023 to January 2025 were included and divided into group A and group B by random block method, with 75 cases in each group. In addition to symptomatic treatment, group A was treated with abracitinib and group B with upadacitinib. The course of treatment for both groups was 16 weeks. After 8 and 16 weeks of treatment, the treatment responses of the two groups were observed. The following indicators were recorded: eczema area and severity index(EASI), 24-hour peak pruritus numerical rating scale(PP-NRS), dermatology life quality index(DLQI), immunoglobulin(Ig)E, eosinophil(EOS) count and skin barrier function[moisture content, sebum content, transepidermal water loss(TEWL) and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results After 8 weeks of treatment, the treatment response rate, moisture content and sebum content in group A were all higher than those in group B(P＜0.05), while the EASI score and TEWL were lower than those in group B(P＜0.05). After 8 and 16 weeks of treatment, the PP-NRS and DLQI scores of group A were lower than those of group B(P＜0.05), while there were no significant differences in serum IgE and EOS counts between the two groups(P＞0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal discomfort in group A was higher than that in group B(P＜0.05), the incidence of mild to moderate acne in group B was higher than that in group A(P＜0.05). Conclusion Abrocitinib is helpful in alleviating pruritus symptoms of moderate to severe AD at an early stage, improving the quality of life, and can repair the skin barrier function at an early stage, with a tolerable safety.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tiandan Tongluo tablets as an adjunctive therapy with lacosamide in the treatment of post-stroke epilepsy. Methods A total of 110 patients with post-stroke epilepsy admitted to the Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital from October 2021 to May 2024 were selected and divided into the control group and the treatment group by simple sorting random method, with 55 cases in each group. The control group was treated with lacosamide, and the treatment group was treated with Tiandan Tongluo tablets combined with lacosamide. Both groups were treated for 14 days. The therapeutic efficacy, the National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score, mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score, the number of epileptiform discharges, the number of involved leads, the serum levels of neuron-specific enolase(NSE), S100 B protein and myelin basic protein(MBP), and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The clinical response rate of the treatment group was significantly superior than that of the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the NIHSS score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05), the MMSE score was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05), the number of epileptiform discharges and the number of involved leads were less than those of the control group(P＜ 0.05), and the levels of serum NSE, S100 B and MBP were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Tiandan Tongluo tablets, as an adjunctive therapy with lacosamide, is effective in the treatment of post-stroke epilepsy, which can promote the recovery of daily living ability and repair the damage of nerve function, with high safety.

Objective To compare the efficacy of faricimab and ranibizumab in the treatment of severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) with diabetic macular edema(DME), and their effects on inflammatory cytokines and visual acuity. Methods Eighty patients with severe NPDR complicated with DME from Linyi People's Hospital were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by simple random sorting method, with 40 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with faricimab, while the control group was treated with ranibizumab. The efficacy, central retinal thickness(CRT), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, inflammatory factors[high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP), interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α], serum indicators[angiopoietin(Ang)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1, connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)] and the occurrence of adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, both groups had an increase in BCVA compared with before treatment(P＜0.05). CRT, intraocular pressure, hs- CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, Ang-2, VEGF, ICAM-1, CTGF were all decreased compared with before treatment(P＜0.05), and the change in the observation group was greater than that in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Faricimab is more effective than ranibizumab in the treatment of patients with severe NPDR combined with DME, which can effectively improve visual acuity, reduce inflammation, and improve the levels of VEGF, CTGF, etc., with a favorable safety profile.

Objective To analyze the auxiliary effect of Shaoma Zhixing granules in children with hyperkinetic disorder of liver hyperactivity. Methods Children with hyperkinetic disorder of liver hyperactivity who were treated in our outpatient department from March 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 34 cases in each group. The control group was treated with haloperidol tablets in addition to psychological and behavioral intervention, while the observation group was treated with Shaoma Zhixing granules in addition to the treatment of the control group. After 8 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy, symptom improvement time, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score, trace element levels, and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(76.47% vs. 52.94%, P＜0.05). After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the scores of vocal tics, irritability, motor tics, and fatigue and weakness in both groups decreased(P＜0.05), and those of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05). After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine decreased(P＜0.05), and the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05). The improvement time of mouth opening, shrugging shoulders, squinting, and neck extension in the observation group was shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the scores of motor tics and vocal tics in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the levels of zinc, iron, norepinephrine, and dopamine in both groups were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05), and those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05), the level of lead decreased(P＜0.05), and the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(8.82% vs. 9.41%), but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05). Conclusion Shaoma Zhixing granules have a significant auxiliary effect on children with hyperkinetic disorder of liver hyperactivity. It can help further shorten the symptom improvement time, improve trace element levels, and is worthy of promotion and application.

Objective To investigate the role of Lactobacillus reuteri in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with Luohuazizhu Granules. Methods Twelve BALB/c mice were selected and randomly divided into the normal group and the Luohuazizhu granules group. After intragastric administration for 7 days, the mice were euthanized after the last administration. 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to screen out the bacterial species that were enriched in the intestines after the intervention with Luohuazizhu granules. Forty mice were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the Luohuazizhu granules. group, the Lactobacillus reuteri group, and the combined treatment group(Luohuazizhu granules＋Lactobacillus reuteri). Mice were administered intragastrically the antibiotic solution 5 days in advance for intestinal flora clearance. The Lactobacillus reuteri group and combined group were colonized by single bacteria, and the pharmacodynamics of acute ulcerative colitis was studied after successful colonization. The targeted metabolomics and flow cytometry techniques were employed to analyze the bile acid metabolism and immune cell balance in mice. Results Compared with the control group, the content of Lactobacillus reuteri in the feces of mice treated with Luohuazizhu granules was showed an increasing trend. Compared to the model group, both Luohuazizhu granules group and Lactobacillus reuteri group ameliorated colitis symptoms in mice, with a . decrease in the disease activity index(P＜0.05), a reduction in the degree of colon shortening and histopathological score, but not significantly. After colonization with Lactobacillus reuteri, compared with the model group, both the Luohuazizhu granules and the combined group significantly improved the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in mice(P＜0.01), and the bile acid metabolism disorder and immune cells imbalance of mice were also significantly ameliorated(P＜0.01). Conclusion Lactobacillus reuteri synergistically promotes the therapeutic effect of Luohuazizhu granules, providing a novel strategy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Objective To analyze the effect of Lanzhenbao hepatoprotective capsules in patients with primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) who exhibit a suboptimal response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Methods A total of 138 PBC patients admitted to Suixi county hospital of traditional Chinese medicine from March 2022 to March 2025 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into the control group(prednisolone combined with ursodeoxycholic acid, n＝69) and the study group(Lanzhenbao hepatoprotective capsules combined with ursodeoxycholic acid, n＝69) using simple sorting random method. After 3 months of treatment, the clinical efficacy, liver function, liver fibrosis, and oxidative stress index levels of the two groups were compared, and adverse reactions were statistically analyzed. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the study group was higher than that of the control group(88.41% vs. 75.36%, P＜ 0.05). The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, laminin, hyaluronic acid, type Ⅲ procollagen peptide, and malondialdehyde in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05), and the level of superoxide dismutase was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Lanzhenbao hepatoprotective capsules, as an adjunctive therapy, is superior to the prednisolone combination regimen for PBC patients with suboptimal response to ursodeoxycholic acid. They more effectively improve liver function, liver fibrosis, and oxidative stress index levels, without increasing safety risks.