Objective To study the effects of levetiracetam combined with perampanel on the discharge index and electroencephalogram(EEG) manifestations of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes(BECT). Methods A total of 95 children with admitted to the department of pediatric neurorespiratory in our hospital were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the control group(n＝47) and the study group(n＝48). The control group was treated with levetiracetam, while the study group was treated with perampanel in combination on the control group. The clinical effects after treatment, the discharge index during the episode of electroencephalogram, the differences in the α, θ, and δ bands of EEG, and the differences between language intelligence quotient and operational intelligence quotient were compared between the two groups. The occurrence of adverse reactions during the treatment period was also monitored. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the control group was lower than that of the study group(78.72% vs. 95.83%, P＜0.05). The difference in discharge index of the study group was greater than that of the control group(P＜0.05). The improvement rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group(91.67% vs. 70.21%, P＜0.05). The differences in the α, θ and δ bands of EEG activity in the study group were all higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The differences in language intelligence quotient scores and operational intelligence quotient scores of the study group were both higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Levetiracetam combined with perampanel can effectively improve the discharge index of children with , enhance the improvement effect of EEG, promote the recovery of cognitive function, and has good safety.

Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Traditional treatments such as topical steroids and immunosuppressants have limited efficacy in some patients and are accompanied by adverse reactions. In recent years, biologics have provided new treatment options for patients with moderate to severe AD by targeting key inflammatory factors. Dupilumab, as the first approved biologic, significantly improved patients' skin symptoms and pruritus. Subsequently, drugs such as tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, and nemolizumab further expanded the options for targeted therapy. Biologics have shown promising prospects in improving the treatment outcomes of patients with moderate to severe AD, and are expected to further improve efficacy and affordability through personalized medicine, optimized dosing strategies, and cost control. This article reviewed the targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical research progress of major biological agents, in order to provide reference for the clinical treatment of AD patients.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of oral electrolyte solution after surgery in patients undergoing endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps, and to evaluate the impact on postoperative intestinal function recovery, patient comfort and the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods A total of 140 patients who underwent endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps at the Tenth People's Hospital from March 2024 to June 2024 were selected and divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 70 cases in each group. Patients in the experimental group took 400 mL of electrolyte formula food orally 2 hours after the operation. The control group was given sterile water of the same volume. The ffrst postoperative exhaust, defecation and hospital stay, the visual analogue scale, self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The ffrst postoperative exhaust, defecation and hospital stay in the experimental group were all shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.001). The postoperative levels of blood potassium and blood glucose in the control group were signiffcantly

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA), a common chronic autoimmune disease. In addition to glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and herbal medicines, the treatment drugs for this disease also include disease - modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs). DMARDs include traditional DMARDs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(tsDMARDs). The latter two are also breakthrough therapeutic drugs for RA in recent years. This article provided a detailed introduction to bDMARDs and tsDMARDs, and briefly described other potential therapeutic drugs, to provide new ideas and directions for clinical medication.

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multi-system involvement. The disease recurs repeatedly, often accompanied by infections and organ damage, which seriously threaten the quality of life of patients. With the breakthroughs of molecular immunology research, important progress has been made in the targeted treatment strategies for SLE. Based on evidence-based medical evidence, this paper systematically reviewed current drug treatment regimens for SLE, mainly including the optimized application of traditional drugs, as well as the clinical value of innovative therapies such as biological agents like belimumab and telitacicept, and novel treatment approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, in order to provide evidence-based basis for individualized treatment decisions.

Vitiligo is a common acquired skin mucosal pigment loss disease, and there is no cure. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is complex, involving multiple factors such as genetics, autoimmunity, and oxidative stress. With the deepening research on the pathogenesis of vitiligo, biologics targeting specific sites have been continuously developed, especially targeted treatments for immune regulation and anti-inflammatory response, which provide new ideas for the treatment of vitiligo. This article focused on the feasibility of using biologics as a new treatment method for vitiligo, in order to provide reference for exploring better treatment options.

nkylosing spondylitis(AS) is an autoimmune disease mainly characterized by chronic inflammation of the axial spinal joints, and its onset is significantly correlated with genetic markers such as human leukocyte antigen B27. AS has the characteristics of multi-system involvement and can cause extra-articular manifestations such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, renal damage and skin and mucosal lesions. The clinical treatment drugs for AS mainly include three categories: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids and antirheumatic drugs for improving the condition. With the breakthrough of biological targeted therapy, biological agents such AS tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin-17 inhibitors have become a new paradigm for the treatment of AS. This paper systematically reviewed the latest research on AS biological agents combined with AS physical rehabilitation, exercise therapy and other non-pharmaceutical intervention methods, aiming to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing the comprehensive management plan of AS.

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated systemic inflammatory skin disease that significantly impairs patients' physical and mental health as well as the quality of life of patients. With the widespread application of treatment methods such as biological agents, the therapeutic effect of psoriasis has significantly improved, but the problem of recurrence remains prominent. Immune abnormalities(such as tissue resident memory T cells, cytotoxic T cell 17), genetic susceptibility, infectious factors, environmental changes, and unhealthy lifestyles are important triggers for psoriasis recurrence. Meanwhile, there are differences in the recurrence time of different types of biologics after discontinuation, and the risk of recurrence is closely related to patient's compliance and comorbidity status. The article systematically reviewed the relevant mechanisms, influencing factors, and intervention strategies for psoriasis vulgaris recurrence, and proposed multidimensional prevention and intervention strategies for recurrence issues, including optimizing biological agent management, combination therapy regimens, improving lifestyle, and long-term follow-up mechanisms, providing reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To systematically introduce how to calculate the 50% effective concentration(EC50) of drugs using the Probit module in SPSS27.0 based on clinical research data, tproviding a reference for clinical researchers. Methods Taking a set of clinical data as an example, this study elucidates the specific steps of calculating the EC50 of drugs using SPSS27.0 and interprets the main output results. Additionally, the EC50 obtained by this method are compared and validated with those calculated by GraphPad Prism9.5. Results The EC50 calculated and analyzed by SPSS software are consistent with those obtained by GraphPad Prism9.5. Moreover, SPSS27.0 features simple steps and quick operations. Conclusion SPSS27.0 can be used to calculate and analyze EC50, which is convenient and fast in operation and is an ideal choice for clinical researchers who are not specialized in statistics.

Biological agents and oral small molecule(OSM) drugs provide a new approach for the treatment of pediatric skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Although most biological agents and OSM drugs have only been approved for use in adult patients, with the continuous strengthening of their clinical safety evaluations and the gradual approval of their use in adolescents and children, biological agents and OSM drugs are expected to become new choices for pediatric skin disease medication in the future. This article comprehensively reviewed the biological agents and OSM drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in recent years or have potential for treating atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa in children, in order to provide reference for the treatment of related diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of Tingli Dazao Xiefei decoction as an adjuvant treatment for children with severe pneumonia(SP) of phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome, and its effect on receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE) and diamine oxidase(DAO) levels. Methods A total of 104 children with SP in our hospital from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the study group, with 52 cases in each group. All children were given conventional oxygen inhalation and anti-infection treatment. The control group was treated with phentolamine, and the study group was treated with phentolamine combined with Tingli Dazao Xiefei decoction. Both groups were treated for one week. The therapeutic effects, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores, arterial blood gas indicators[arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide(PaCO2), blood oxygen saturation(SpO2)], inflammatory factors[C-reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6], lung function, RAGE, and DAO levels between two groups were compared. The occurrence of adverse reactions of the two groups during the treatment process were recorded. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacy, PaO2, SpO2 and pulmonary function indexes of the study group were all better than those of the control group(P＜0.05), the TCM syndrome scores, PaCO2, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, RAGE and DAO levels were all lower than those of the control group(P＜ 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞ 0.05). Conclusion Tingli Dazao Xiefei decoction has a better adjuvant therapeutic effect on children with SP of phlegmheat obstructing lung syndrome. It can effectively improve clinical symptoms and arterial blood gas indicators, and reduce the levels of serum RAGE and DAO.

The vascular endothelium differentiates organically in both structure and molecules, enabling it to execute specific functions that are tailored to the microenvironment. Continuous endothelial cells with firmly sealing tight junctions are found in tissue, in which the endothelial cells form a barrier, such as in the brain, lung, or muscle. Discontinuous endothelium are present in organs with ffltration function(e.g., kidney) or that release substances into the bloodstream(endocrine glands). Sinusoidal endothelium forms a discontinuous layer with intracellular and intercellular sieve-like gaps. They are found in immune active organs such as the bones, spleen, and liver. This article reviewed the analysis and utilization of mechanism of vascular heterogeneity, aiming to provide references for the development of new therapeutic targets for related diseases.

Objective To evaluate the budget impact of the combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab for the treatment of unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma after its inclusion in the China's National Reimbuirsement Drug List(NRDL). Methods This study constructed a 5-year(2024—2028) budget impact analysis model from the perspective of the Chinese government health insurance authority to simulate the budget changes after the combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab was included in the NRDL. The model analyzed factors such as the target population, drug market share, and treatment costs, comparing healthcare expenditures in scenarios with and without insurance coverage. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to assess model robustness. Results After inclusion in the NRDL, the incremental expenditure from 2024 to 2028 mainly stems from health insurance payment portion of drug costs, with a cumulative increase of 66.645 million yuan. However, the overall financial impact on the insurance fund remains minimal. Sensitivity analysis showed that drug prices, reimbursement rates, and insurance coverage rates were the key factors affecting budget changes. Conclusion Although the combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab included in the NRDL will increase expenditure, the impact on the overall fund burden is limited.

Proteolysis-targeting chimera(PROTAC) is a new technology for targeting protein degradation that has received great attention in the biomedical science community. PROTAC molecules can quickly and efficiently deplete target proteins by inducing degradation of target proteins using the ubiquitin-protease system, and can bind to substrates again to achieve multiple ubiquitination reactions, optimizing the dose dependence and drug resistance of traditional small molecules to a certain extent. However, this unique chemical structure and mechanism of action also brings many challenges to its in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies, mainly including poor solubility, poor permeability, poor oral absorption, and low bioavailability. Starting from the analysis of the physicochemical properties of PROTAC molecules, this article analyzed the pharmacokinetic characteristics and summarized the bioanalysis methods of such drugs. It also discussed the challenges and prospects of PROTAC technology, providing a reference for innovative research and breakthroughs in the field of PROTAC drugs.

Objective To compare the efffcacy of tenofovir propofol and entecavir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and their effects on serum Golgi protein(GP)73 and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-RNA. Methods A total of 96 eligible CHB patients admitted to our hospital from September 2023 to January 2025 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with entecavir dispersible tablets, while the observation group was treated with tenofovir profol fumarate tablets. Both groups were treated for 28 weeks. The clinical efffcacy, GP73, HBV-RNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV-DNA levels, liver function, liver ffbrosis and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, there was a statistically signiffcant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups(P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of GP73, HBV-RNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV-DNA, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, laminin, procollagen type Ⅲ, type Ⅳ collagen, hyaluronic acid in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no statistically signiffcant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Tenofovir propofol can effectively improve liver function in patients with CHB, has good safety, and has a good antiviral effect when used for a long time.

目的 系统梳理并比较分析各地国家医保谈判药品“双通道”管理政策，为其优化提供决策参考。方法 比较全国 31 个省级行政区 ( 不包括港澳台 )“双通道”管理相关政策，从药品目录管理、药品分类管理、定点医药机构管理以及医 保待遇等方面进行分析，比较各省份政策差异及创新实践。结果 各省已开展“双通道”管理相关探索，实施情况较好。 结论 各省在政策协同性、药品配备主体责任和切实关系到群众利益的医保个人待遇方面的公平性问题还有待改善。

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction in regulating microglia for Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods The AD cell model was established by stimulating BV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and the effect of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction was evaluated through the following experiments: ①Cell viability and apoptosis rate were detected by CCK-8 method and ffow cytometry. ② Inffammatory factors(IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and oxidative stress indicators(ROS, MDA, SOD) were determined by ELISA. ③Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inffammasome. ④Mitochondrial functions(ATP production, membrane potential, and superoxide generation) were determined using commercial kits. Results Tongqiao Huoxue decoction signiffcantly inhibited the increase in BV2 cell viability induced by LPS(t＝5.289—14.406, P＜0.05) and the decrease in apoptosis rate(t＝14.518, P＜0.05), and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors, reversed oxidative stress(upregulated ROS and MDA, down-regulated SOD), with statistically signiffcant differences(P＜0.05). Tongqiao Huoxue decoction can improve mitochondrial dysfunction caused by LPS: restore ATP production, stabilize membrane potential, and reduce superoxide generation(P＜0.05). Mechanism studies have shown that Tongqiao Huoxue decoction exerts a protective effect by down-regulating the expression of NLRP3 inffammasome, and overexpression of NLRP3 can reverse this effect(P＜0.05). Conclusion Tongqiao Huoxue decoction exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inffammasome, improving the inffammatory response and oxidative stress state of microglia, and correcting mitochondrial dysfunction.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Bushen Huoxue decoction in treating carotid atherosclerosis(CAS) with kidney deficiency and blood stasis, and its influence on blood lipid, inflammation, complement activation and carotid ultrasound. Methods A total of 90 CAS patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis who visited our hospital were included and randomly divided into control group and experimental group, 45 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine, and the experimental group was treated with Bushen Huoxue decoction on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. The therapeutic efficacy, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores, lipid levels, carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave conduction velocity, maximum plaque area, safety indicators (blood routine, electrocardiogram, liver and kidney function) of the two groups were recorded and compared before and after treatment. The serum levels of ficolin(FCN)3, MBL-associated serine protease(MASP)-1, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6, complement C3 and C4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The total effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(82.05% vs. 52.78%，P＜0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, FCN3, MASP-1, complement C4, TNF-α in the experimental group were decreased(P＜0.05), TCM syndrome scores and high density lipoprotein cholesterol level were increased(P＜0.05), and pulse wave conduction velocity was decreased(P＜0.05). During treatment, no significant adverse reactions or adverse events occurred in both groups. Conclusion Bushen Huoxue decoction can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with CAS, improve the levels of blood lipids, inflammation and carotid ultrasound indexes, and the mechanism may be related to complement activation.

Objective To explore the effect of Guifu Dingchuan granules as an adjuvant treatment of cough and asthma in the middle and advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with kidney Qi deficiency syndrome. Methods A total of 100 patients with cough and asthma in the middle and advanced NSCLC with kidney Qi deficiency syndrome in our hospital from December 2022 to January 2024 were selected and divided into control group(western medicine) and study group(Guifu Dingchuan granules combined with western medicine) according to simple sequencing random method, with 50 cases in each group. The clinical effect of the two groups was observed. The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), peak expiratory flow(PEF), forced vital capacity(FVC), serum micro RNA(miR)-200a, miR-375, Leicester cough questionnaire(LCQ), quality of life questionnaire-core 30(QLQ-C30) and incidence of adverse reactions were compared before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group(92.00% vs. 76.00%, P＜0.05). After treatment, LCQ and QLQ-C30 scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The levels of FEV1, PEF, FVC, serum miR-200a and miR-375 in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Guifu Dingchuan granules can effectively improve the curative effect, improve lung function and quality of life in the adjuvant treatment of cough and asthma in the middle and advanced NSCLC patients with kidney Qi deficiency syndrome, and up-regulate the levels of serum miR-200a and miR-375 with high safety.

Er-Xian decoction, a classical formula developed by professor Zhang Bone, has the efficacy of balancing renal Yin and Yang. In recent years, it has demonstrated therapeutic value in multiple clinical domains, including premature ovarian failure, osteoporosis, and urinary disorders. This review systematically summarized research evidence on the pharmacological active components, clinical efficacy evaluations and molecular mechanisms of Er-Xian decoction, aiming to provide a scientific basis for expanded clinical applications and further investigations.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of tirofiban combined with ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction(ACI), and its influence on nerve function and hemorheology. Methods A total of 150 patients with ACI who received treatment in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected, and divided into the control group and combined medication group by simple randomization method, with 75 patients in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment and were also given tirofiban, while the combined group received ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone in addition to the control group. Observe and compare The clinical efficacy, the changes in neurological deficits, daily living abilities, serum inflammatory factor levels, coagulation function indicators, hemorheological indicators and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared. Results The total effective rate of the combined medication group was higher than the control group(94.67% vs. 80.00%, P＜0.05). After treatment, the scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, serum C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in both groups decreased compared to before treatment, and the combined medication group was lower than the control group(P＜0.05). The scores of activities of daily living in both groups improved compared to before treatment, and the combined medication group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the fibrinogen, D-dimer, whole blood low-shear viscosity, whole blood high-shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity in both groups decreased compared to before treatment, and those in the combined medication group were lower than the control group(P＜0.05). The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time increased compared to before treatment, and those in the combined medication group were higher than the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Tirofiban combined with ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone in the treatment of ACI can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, effectively improve the neurological impairment and daily living ability of patients, reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors, optimize the coagulation function and hemorheological indexes, and has high safety.

Vascular endothelial cells play a crucial role in the body. Due to their large surface area and the fact that body cells are generally located within the oxygen diffusion limit of capillaries(100-150 μm), the microvascular network constitutes a key interface between the circulatory system and the parenchyma of organs. Traditionally, endothelial cells have mainly been regarded as functional actors that respond to external stimuli(such as inffammatory factors). Recent research has revised this passive perspective. Currently, endothelial cells have been redefined as active "gatekeepers" due to their strategic position between circulation and tissue. They precisely regulate the local environment by secreting various paracrine signaling molecules. This article brieffy summarized the response and conduction functions of vascular endothelial cells in the vascular wall, and discussed their key roles in physiological and pathological processes.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of calcium polycarbophil in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation(OIC). Method A total of 204 OIC patients treated in our hospital from June 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into control group and study group according to a simple randomization method, with 102 cases in each group. They were respectively treated with glycerin enema for rectal administration and oral administration of calcium polycarbophil tablets for 2 weeks. The average number of completely spontaneous bowel movement(CSBM) per week, Bristol stool form scale(BSFS), bowel function index(BFI), numerical rating scale(NRS) for pain, patient assessment of constipation-quality of life(PAC-QOL) and serum inflammatory factor levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Result After treatment, the proportion of patients with CSBM≥3 times per week or an increase of ≥1 time compared with the baseline in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(50.0% vs. 31.4%，P＜0.05). The number of patients with BSFS types 3～4 in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(57.8% vs. 40.2%，P＜0.05). After treatment, BFI and PAC-QOL scores, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in both groups were lower than before treatment(P＜0.05), and the study group was lower than the control group. There was no significant difference in NRS score between the two groups before and after treatment(P＞0.05). Conclusion Calcium polycarbophil can effectively improve the symptoms of constipation and quality of life in OIC patients, and reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of modified Shenling Baizhu powder combined with mesalazine in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC) with spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation syndrome. Methods A total of 70 patients with mild to moderate UC with spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation syndrome admitted to the outpatient and ward of the department of spleen and stomach diseases of Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into control group and treatment group according to the random number table method, with 35 cases in each group. The control group was treated with mesalazine, while the treatment group was treated with the modified formula of Shenling Baizhu Powder in addition to the treatment of control group. Both groups were treated for 24 weeks. The total effective rate, symptom score, colonoscopy mucosal lesion scores, and iron death related factors were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was better than that of the control group(94.29% vs. 82.86%, P＜0.05). After treatment, the average symptom scores, colonic mucosal lesion scores and serum ferrous ion of the two groups decreased significantly(P＜0.05). The levels of serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 increased significantly(P＜0.05). The improvement of diarrhea, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, limb drowsiness and anorexia in the treatment group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of purulent bloody stool and colonic mucosal lesions between the two groups(P＞0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in the two groups during treatment. Conclusion The modified Shenling Baizhu powder has a remarkable therapeutic effect on patients with mild to moderate UC with spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation syndrome, and it has good safety and high clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the impact of the national centralized drug procurement(NCGPO) policy on the clinical use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs in a hospital, and to provide evidence for optimizing pharmaceutical management. Methods Data on anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug usage were collected for one year before and after the implementation of the first, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth batches of NCGPO in a hospital, covering 11 selected drugs. The defined daily doses(DDDs), usage proportion of similar drugs, price reduction, expenditure, defined daily cost (DDC), and cost savings were compared before and after NCGPO. Results After NCGPO implementation, the unit prices of 28 drugs (including 11 selected drugs) decreased significantly. The DDDs and usage proportion of selected drugs were higher than those of non-NCGPO drugs. The usage of clopidogrel, ticagrelor, dabigatran etexilate, and rivaroxaban(10 mg) increased notably, with a higher proportion in their therapeutic categories. The DDC of all NCGPO drugs decreased, with the largest reduction observed in rivaroxaban tablets(10 mg)(99.20%). Cost savings per batch ranged from 24 200 to 2 814 400 CNY, totaling 8 594 100 CNY. Conclusion The NCGPO policy achieved “increased usage and reduced prices,” effectively alleviating patients’ financial burden and enhancing the medical security system.

Hidradenitis suppurative(HS) is a chronic, recurrent skin disease of follicular inflammatory, accompanied by multiple comorbidities. At present, the pathogenesis of HS remains unclear, with activation of innate immune system and various inflammatory cytokines. In recent years, biological agents and molecular targeted drugs targeting these targets have shown certain efficacy and application prospects for HS. This article reviewed the clinical research progress of different biologics and molecular targeted drugs in the treatment of HS and HS with comorbidities.

Objective To analyze the changes of a tertiary hospital operation indicators before and after the reform of diagnosis related groups(DRG) payment. Methods The operation indicators of a tertiary hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were extracted and divided into two groups according to the time node: before DRG payment reform and after DRG payment reform. The operation of the hospital was analyzed from service ability, medical efficiency, hospital medical quality and data quality. The inpatient expenses and structural changes were analyzed by using the degree of structural change and intermittent time series. Results After the reform of DRG payment method, the proportion of relative weight＞1 cases, the proportion of grade 4 operations, and the proportion of surgical patients in sample hospitals increased signiffcantly. The proportion of high-rate cases, the incidence of complications and other indicators of surgical patients decreased signiffcantly. Compared with before the reform, the average hospitalization cost decreased by 2270.90 yuan, and the slope after the implementation of the reform was -406.55(P＝0.002), that is, the average monthly ecrease was 406.55 yuan. Among them, the largest contribution rate of structural change was material cost, exhibiting a negative change(value of structure variation＝-2.23%), and the contribution rate was 36.66%. Conclusion After the implementation of DRG payment, the efffciency of hospital medical service has been improved continuously and the effect of medical cost control has been obvious. It is suggested that the hospital optimize the management mode, strengthen the cost control, and strengthen the supervision and assessment.

Objective To explore the adjuvant treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) with nephritis rehabilitation tablets, and its inffuence on peripheral mononuclear cell B7-1, soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase(sFlt)-1 and renal ffbrosis indicators. Methods A total of 120 CGN patients in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2024 were selected for the study. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group by simple sorting method, with 60 cases in each group. Eventually, the number dropped to 55 cases in each group and was included in the data analysis. Both groups received basic treatment. The control group was treated with cyclophosphamide, while the experimental group was supplemented with nephritis rehabilitation tablets. The clinical efffcacy, B7-1, sFlt-1, renal ffb rosis indicators [cystatin C(CysC), transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1, ffbronectin(FN)], serum creatinine(Scr), u rinary protein(UP), time for improvement of clinical symptoms (time for disappearance of nausea, vomiting, edema and fatigue), and occurrence of adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(92.73% vs. 78.18%, P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of B7-1, sFlt-1, CysC, TGF-β1, Scr, , BUN, β2-MG and CD8＋ in both groups decreased compared with those before treatment, and the levels in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the FN and CD4＋ in both groups increased compared with those before treatment, and the experimental group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05). The improvement time of clinical symptoms in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no statistically signiffcant comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion In patients with CGN, the administration of nephritis rehabilitation tablets as an adjunct can help reduce the expression of B7-1, down-regulate the level of sFlt-1, and improve renal ffbrosis.

Fondaparinux is the first artificially synthesized selective factor Ⅹa inhibitor of pentose. Due to its strong anticoagulant activity and certain safety, it is widely used in clinical practice. Especially for patients with low-molecularweight heparin intolerance during pregnancy or those with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, fondaparinux has become the preferred anticoagulant therapeutic drug. Fondaparinux has certain application value in obstetric related diseases such as venous thromboembolism, recurrent miscarriage and fetal growth restriction by inhibiting the activity of factor Ⅹa and not reacting with platelets. This article reviewed the clinical application of fondaparinux in the treatment of obstetricalrelated diseases for clinical reference.

Vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is a core component of various chronic diseases and is closely related to the health status of the body. This article systematically explored the translational research on vascular endothelial cells from the perspectives of regenerative medicine, preventive medicine, and preventing or reversing vascular aging. It aimed to integrate multidisciplinary perspectives on vascular research, deepen the understanding of the central role of vascular endothelium cells in maintaining organ function, systemic health, and promoting healthy aging, and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhilong Xuetong capsules combined with butylphthalide soft capsules in treatment of patients with convalescent cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 90 patients with convalescent cerebral infarction admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected, and divided into control group and treatment group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group was given routine treatment, and the treatment group was given Zhilong Xuetong capsules combined with butylphthalide soft capsules. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The curative effects of the two groups and the National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score, activity of daily living(ADL) score, anterior cerebral artery(ACA) blood flow velocity, basilar artery(BA) blood flow velocity, middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity and serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE), heart-fatty acid binding protein(HFABP) and S100B protein levels and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(91.11% vs. 71.11%, P＜0.05). After treatment, NIHSS score in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, ADL score was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05), ACA, MCA and BA blood flow velocity were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05), and seru m NSE, HFABP and S100hose in the control group were all lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse reactions between the two group(P＞0.05). Conclusion Zhilong Xuetong capsules combined with butylphthalide soft capsules has a significant effect on convalescent cerebral infarction, which can reduce the levels of serum NSE, HFABP and S100B protein, alleviate the damage of nerve function, and has high safety.

Poria cocos polysaccharide is a medicinal substance derived from dried sclerotium, mycelium and fermentation broth of Poria cocos. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressive effects. Poria cocos polysaccharide is mainly used in clinical practice to treat malignant tumors, colitis and depression and other diseases. With the in-depth study of the anti-tumor mechanism of Poria cocos polysaccharides, researchers have found that it exerts anti-tumor effects through immune regulation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and genetic regulation, and is widely used in the treatment of liver cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. This article will comprehensively and systematically summarize the latest mechanism of action of Poria cocos polysaccharides against tumors, providing basic data and theoretical basis for the clinical application of the antitumor effect of Poria cocos polysaccharides and the development of new drugs.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of Yinxie capsules combined with calcipotriol cream in treating psoriasis with wind-dryness syndrome and blood deficiency and its impacts on serum interleukin(IL)-17, leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1(LRG)1, and lipocalin-2. Methods A total of 86 psoriasis patients with wind-dryness syndrome and blood deficiency admitted to Department of Dermatology, Honghu People's Hospital from August 2021 to July 2022 were selected and divided into Yinxie capsule group and control group according to random number table method, with 43 patients in each group. The control group was treated with routine symptomatic therapy and calcipotriol cream, while the Yinxie capsule group was treated with Yinxie capsules on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, recurrence after 1 year, the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI), IL-17, LRG1, lipocalin-2 levels, moisture content and sebum content in stratum corneum of skin were compared between the two groups. Results The total clinical effective rate of the Yinxie capsule group was obviously higher than the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment, the PASI scores, the levels of IL-17, LRG1, and lipocalin-2 in the both groups were decreased compared with those before treatment, while the moisture content and sebum content were increased, and the Yinxie capsule group was better than the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞ 0.05). The recurrence rate after 1 year of the Yinxie capsule group was obviously lower than the control group(P＜ 0.05). Conclusion The combination of Yinxie capsules and calcipotriol cream obviously improves the clinical efficacy of psoriasis, reduces the recurrence rate, and has good safety.

Objective To investigate the effects of butylphthalide soft capsules on the cognitive function and clinical efficacy of patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) and cognitive impairment. Methods A total of 124 elderly PD patients at Norinco General hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, 62 cases in each group. The control group was treated with pramipexole hydrochloride and carbidopa and levodopa sustained-release tablets, while the observation group received the basic treatment combined with oral administration of butylphthalide soft capsules. Neurotransmitters, related factors, cognitive score scales, daily living ability, serum levels of microRNA(miR)-7, miR-128 and miR-221, and the microscopic structure of the left hippocampus of the two groups were analyzed. Results After treatment, the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine in both groups were increased, and the observation group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05). The levels of PD protein 7, and miR-221 in both groups were decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group(P＜0.05). The levels of neurotrophin-3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mini-mental state examination, Montreal cognitive assessment, activity of daily living score, miR-7, miR-128, neurite orientation dispersion index and intracellular volume fraction were increased, and the observation group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion The butylphthalide soft capsules can effectively improve the cognitive function of patients with PD and cognitive impairment, alleviate the motor symptoms, which is safe and worthy of promotion and clinical application.

Objective To explore the role of histone lactate modification in malignant biological behavior and cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods The modification levels of panlysine lactation(Pan-Kla) and histone lactation sites in lung cancer tissues and cells were detected by western blot. A549 and A549/DDP cells were treated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG). Cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and drug-resistant related indicators were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry and western blot. By using the transcriptome sequencing to screen downstream target genes of H3K18la. The binding relationship was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP), and the expression level of USP7 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Further study were conducted to investigate the effect of USP7 on the biological behavior of lung cancer cells and cisplatin resistance. Results The lactation modifications of Pan-Kla and H3K18la in lung cancer tissues and cells were significantly increased. After treatment with 2-DG, the levels of Pan-Kla and H3K18la in A549 and A549/DDP cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01). Cell proliferation and migration in the 2-DG group were inhibited, the apoptosis rate increased, and the IC50 of drug resistance in A549/DDP cells decreased(P＜0.05). ChIP confirmed that H3K18la was enriched in the USP7 promoter region and promoted its transcription. The expression of USP7 was upregulated in lung cancer. Knocking down USP7 can inhibit cell proliferation and migration, promote apoptosis, and reduce the expression of drug resistance-related proteins(P＜0.01). Overexpression of USP7 can partially reverse the inhibitory effect of 2-DG. Conclusion In lung cancer, histone lactated modification(particularly H3K18la) can promote malignant biological behaviors and cisplatin resistance by upregulating the expression of USP7, and is involved in the progression of lung cancer.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction combined with Taoren Honghua decoction on nerve function of patients with cerebral infarction of the wind-phlegm and blood stasis obstruction syndrome. Methods A total of 92 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to department of emergency, Guoyang hospital of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to September 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 46 cases in each group. The control group was given the conventional treatment, while the observation group was combined with Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction and Taoren Honghua decoction. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The clinical efficacy, middle cerebral artery flow velocity(MCAFV), pulsatility index(PI), cerebral vascular resistance(CVR), coagulation function indicators, TCM syndrome score, National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score, activity of daily living scale(ADL) score and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Result After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(89.13% vs. 71.74%, P＜0.05). The MCAFV and CVR in the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05), and the PI was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05). The improvement of coagulation function in the observation group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05). The TCM syndrome scores and NIHSS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05), and the ADL score was higher than that in the control group(P＜ 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in safety between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction combined with Taoren Honghua decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with cerebral infarction of the wind-phlegm and blood stasis obstruction syndrome. It helps improve coagulation function and cerebrovascular reserve function, has a protective effect on neurological function, and does not increase adverse reactions.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), as revolutionary drugs in cancer therapy, play an anti-tumor role by blocking immune checkpoint signals and enhancing the body's immune response to tumor cells, but also cause a series of immune-related adverse events(irAEs). Cutaneous irAEs(cirAEs) are one of the most common types. This paper reviewed the mechanism, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of cirAEs, and briefly elaborated the relationship between cirAEs and well-known drug eruptions, aiming to increase the awareness of medical professionals about ICIsrelated cirAEs and provide guidance for clinical treatment.

回顾性分析 1 例华法林抵抗患者临床资料，患者为 60 岁女性，二尖瓣机械瓣置换术后使用常规剂量 ( 一日 3 mg) 华法林抗凝，但未达到目标抗凝效果。患者基因检测结果为 VKORC1-1639GG( 靶酶低敏型 ) 与 CYP2C9 1/1( 快代谢型 ) 的基因组合，排除药物相互作用、吸收障碍干扰因素后确诊为遗传性华法林抵抗。最终，患者通过华法林剂量滴定至一日 6 mg 实现国际标准化比值稳定。该病例提示二尖瓣机械瓣置换术后患者抗凝需严格遵循指南推荐，首选华法林，但其疗 效受基因多态性影响。VKORC1-1639GG 与 CYP2C9 1/1 的基因型组合是华法林抵抗的关键因素。基于基因导向的剂量调 整可有效提高抗凝效果，为个体化治疗提供精准依据。

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab compared with other secondline drugs for Crohn's disease(CD). Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases for cohort studies comparing ustekinumab with other second-line therapies for the treatment of CD. Metaanalysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4 software. Results A total of 10 literature studies were included, 1 222 patients in ustekinumab group and 949 patients in other drug groups. The results showed that the clinical remission rate[OR＝1.75, 95%CI: (1.38, 2.21), P＜0.001], steroid-free clinical remission rate[OR＝1.54, 95%CI: (1.17, 2.01), P＝0.002] and clinical response rate[OR＝2.69, 95%CI: (1.10, 6.58), P＝0.030] in ustekinumab group were higher than those of the other drug groups. In addition, the incidence of adverse events[OR＝0.29, 95%CI: (0.09, 0.96), P＝0.040] and discontinuation rate[OR＝0.28, 95%CI: (0.17, 0.46), P＜0.001] in ustekinumab group were lower than those of the other drug groups. Conclusion Ustekinumab is more effective and safer than the other second-line drugs for CD.

Objective To explore the effect of atosiban in the treatment of premature rupture of membranes in threatened preterm birth and its influence on placental blood perfusion and maternal and infant outcomes. Methods A total of 103 patients with premature rupture of membranes in threatened preterm birth in our hospital from September 2022 to August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the study group(n＝52, treated with atosiban) and the control group(n＝51, treated with ritodrine hydrochloride). The clinical efficacy, placental blood perfusion, maternal and infant outcomes, symptom disappearance time, pregnancy prolongation time and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, there was a significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups(92.31% vs. 78.43%, P＜0.05). The vascularization-blood flow index, flow index, placental vascularization index, neonatal asphyxia, fetal distress, amniotic fluid fecal contamination, incidence of maternal and infant adverse outcomes, and symptom disappearance time in the study group were all lower than those in the control group(P＜ 0.05). The gestation time of the study group was longer than that of the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion The application of atosiban in premature rupture of membranes in threatened preterm birth has a better effect. It can assist in stabilizing placental blood perfusion, improve maternal and infant outcomes, and enhance pregnancy safety.